Leptospirosis, Water Sports, and Chemoprophylaxis

An efficacy trial of doxycycline chemoprophylaxis against leptospirosis.

Because leptospirosis has been an important cause of morbidity in U.S. soldiers training in the Republic of Panama, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled field trial during the fall of 1982 to determine whether doxycycline was an effective chemoprophylactic agent against this infection. Doxycycline (200 mg) or placebo was administered orally on a weekly basis and at the co...

The Use of Chemoprophylaxis after Floods to Reduce the Occurrence and Impact of Leptospirosis Outbreaks

Record-breaking and devastating rainfall events have occurred in the past decade. Rain and floods are considered the main risk factors for leptospirosis and several outbreaks have been reported following extreme weather events. In such situations, one possible intervention to prevent leptospirosis cases in high-risk groups is the use of chemoprophylaxis. However, not enough evidence of its effe...

Immunizations and Chemoprophylaxis

Gastrointestinal function during exercise: comparison of water, sports drink, and sports drink with caffeine.

Caffeine is suspected to affect gastrointestinal function. We therefore investigated whether supplementation of a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) sports drink with 150 mg/l caffeine leads to alterations in gastrointestinal variables compared with a normal CES and water using a standardized rest-exercise-rest protocol. Ten well-trained subjects underwent a rest-cycling-rest protocol thre...

Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis: PROUD and pragmatism

About 20 years ago, very shortly after antiretroviral drugs were fi rst shown to inhibit HIV replication and improve clinical outcomes, studies of animals showed that preexposure and post-exposure antiretroviral treatment could protect against retroviral challenges. The fi rst use of antiviral drugs for chemoprophylaxis in human beings was that of zidovudine in HIV-infected pregnant women to pr...